Prelim 3

A company has basically four (4) levels of organizational hierarchy and each level makes use of unique IT technology and software to address and/or support their works.

Answer then the following:

1. Identify and describe information systems (IS) used in each level
ans:
Transaction processing systems: These record and track an organization's transactions, such as sales transactions or inventory items, from the moment each is first created until it leaves the system. This helps managers at the day-to-day operational level keep track of daily transactions as well as make decisions on when to place orders, make shipments, and so on.
Management information and reporting systems: These systems provide mid-level and senior managers with periodic, often summarized, reports that help them assess performance (e.g., a particular region's sales performance in a given time period) and make appropriate decisions based on that information.
Decision support systems: These systems are designed to help mid-level and senior managers make those difficult decisions about which not every relevant parameter is known. These decisions, referred to as semi structured decisions, are characteristic of the types of decisions made at the higher levels of management. A decision on whether or not to introduce a particular (brand new) product into an organization's product line is an example of a semi structured decision. Another example is the decision on whether or not to open a branch in a foreign country. Some of the parameters that go into the making of these decisions are known. However, there are also many unknown factors—hence the "semi structuredness" of these decisions. The value of a decision support system (DSS) is in its ability to permit "what-if" analyses (e.g., What if interest rates rose by 2 percent? What if our main competitor lowered its price by 5 percent? What if import tariffs are imposed/increased in the foreign country in which we do, or plan to do, business?). That is, a DSS helps the user (decision maker) to model and analyze different scenarios in order to arrive at a final, reasonable decision, based on the analysis. There are decision support systems that help groups (as opposed to individuals) to make consensus-based decisions. These are known as group decision support systems (GDSS).
A type of decision support system that is geared primarily toward high-level senior managers is the executive information system (EIS) or executive support system (ESS). While this has the capability to do very detailed analyses, just like a regular DSS, it is designed primarily to help executives keep track of a few selected items that are critical to their day-to-day high-level decisions. Examples of such items include performance trends for selected product or customer groups, interest rate yields, and the market performance of major competitors.
Expert systems: An expert system is built by modeling into the computer the thought processes and decision-making heuristics of a recognized expert in a particular field. Thus, this type of information system is theoretically capable of making decisions for a user, based on input received from the user. However, due to the complex and uncertain nature of most business decision environments, expert system technology has traditionally been used in these environments primarily like decision support systems—that is, to help a human decision maker arrive at a reasonable decision, rather than to actually make the decision for the user.
http://www.answers.com/topic/information-systems



2. How do these IS help the employees and managers achieve their
objectives.
ans:
Organizations succeed when they continuously nourish the top performers and improve (or weed out) the poor performers. The big challenges of following this strategy are identifying the real performers, provide a competitive compensation to retain & motivate them and improve employee skills & competencies to maintain the business competitiveness. EmpXtrack Performance Management System can help you meet these big challenges of improving employee performance.EmpXtrack Performance Management System is an integrated web-based tool to improve organizational performance by setting SMART Goals for employee, evaluating employee performance, recommending highly competitive compensation plans, managing employee trainings & development and promoting right employees to critical positions.Based on globally followed HR practices and principles, this performance management system provides right tools to engage employees in productive work, help employee achieve their goals, bring objectivity & transparency in employee evaluations, manage employee trainings, manage employee compensations, promotion and careers. and giving the information to the employee and managers are very important because it thier guide how to operate and what they strategy to achieve thier goals or objectives.

http://www.empxtrack.com/performance-management-system/

arthon gantongan

3. Cite a local or national company that makes use of these IS and identify the benefits and drawbacks/lapses of these IS.

ans:
Philippine Airlines company, because of this information system the company well easy to operate the day to day operation, fast and effecient services to the customers, increase thier revenue, easy to communicate in different branches by using internet or IS.